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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA): 2-stranded, linear polymer made up of repeating units (bases)
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA): only one strand and the sugar is ribose, not deoxyribose
The DNA bases are:
A - Adenine, T - Thymine (U - Uracil), G - Guanine, C - Cytosine
When replicating, two strands of the parent DNA molecule separate. The replicated daughter strands pair with certain bases. The bases are linked to each other, depending on their structure.
A links with T (or U), G links with C
Types of DNA
Types of DNA
cDNA complementary DNA
ctDNA DNA within chloroplast
dsDNA double-stranded DNA
mtDNA DNA found in mitochondria
rDNA DNA found in ribosomes
ssDNA single-stranded DNA
The bases in RNA are are the same as DNA, except Thymine is replaced with Uracil (U) which links to Adenine.
Type of RNA
Type of RNA
mRNA messenger RNA
nRNA nuclear RNA
sRNA soluble RNA
tRNA transfer RNA
20 Amino Acids are the basis of protein systhesis via mRNA:
Alanine A Ala
Arginine R Arg
Asparagine N Asn
Aspartic Acid D Asp
Cysteine C Cys
Glutamic Acid E Glu
Glutamine Q Gln
Glycine G Gly
Histidine H His
Isoleucine I Ile
Leucine L Leu
Lysine K Lys
Methionine M Met
Phenylalanine F Phe
Proline P Pro
Serine S Ser
Threonine T Thr
Tryptophan W Trp
Tyrosine Y Tyr
Valine V Val
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